Common use

Dolutegravir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children over a certain age or weight. It belongs to the class of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), which block the virus from integrating its genetic material into human cells. Dolutegravir is typically used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs as part of HIV combination therapy. It helps reduce the amount of HIV in the body, allowing the immune system to recover and function better.

Dosage and direction

The standard adult dose is 50 mg once daily, either alone or in combination with other antiretrovirals, depending on treatment history and resistance profile. In some cases, such as when co-administered with enzyme-inducing drugs, the dosage may be increased to twice daily. Dolutegravir can be taken with or without food. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions precisely.

Precautions

Before starting dolutegravir, inform your doctor if you have liver disease, hepatitis B or C, or if you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Rare cases of neural tube defects have been reported with use during early pregnancy, so benefits and risks must be assessed. Dolutegravir may increase blood sugar or liver enzymes in some patients. Regular monitoring of viral load, liver function, and kidney function is advised.

Contraindications

Dolutegravir is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It should not be used concurrently with dofetilide, due to the risk of life-threatening side effects. Caution is advised when prescribing to individuals with severe hepatic impairment. Always consult your doctor before combining it with other medications or starting treatment during pregnancy.

Possible side effect

Common side effects include insomnia, headache, nausea, and fatigue. Some patients may experience increased liver enzymes, rash, or changes in body fat distribution. Rare but serious effects include allergic reactions, liver toxicity, and mood changes such as depression or suicidal thoughts. Report any unusual symptoms to your doctor immediately.

Drug interaction

Dolutegravir interacts with several drugs, including antacids, iron supplements, and calcium-containing products, which can reduce its absorption. These should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after dolutegravir. It also interacts with drugs like metformin, rifampin, and efavirenz, potentially requiring dose adjustments. Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you use.

Missed dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for the next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose—do not take a double dose. Consistent daily use is essential to maintain viral suppression. Set reminders to help maintain adherence.

Overdose

Overdose is rare but may cause increased side effects such as nausea, fatigue, or dizziness. There is no specific antidote, so treatment is supportive and symptomatic. If an overdose is suspected, seek medical attention promptly. Dialysis is unlikely to be effective due to high protein binding.

Storage

Store dolutegravir at room temperature (20°C to 25°C / 68°F to 77°F), in a dry place away from heat and moisture. Keep the tablets in their original container and out of reach of children. Do not use after the expiration date. Always discard unused medication properly.

Disclaimer

We provide only general information about medications which does not cover all directions, possible drug integrations, or precautions. Information at the site cannot be used for self-treatment and self-diagnosis. Any specific instructions for a particular patient should be agreed with your health care adviser or doctor in charge of the case. We disclaim reliability of this information and mistakes it could contain. We are not responsible for any direct, indirect, special or other indirect damage as a result of any use of the information on this site and also for consequences of self-treatment.